Knowing the vulnerability of many materials to the effects of moisture, a person began to protect them in various ways thousands of years ago. The first types of waterproofing were an animal or vegetable fat, which lubricated the details of the buildings, and the resin, which was heated by boats. By the 21st century, many completely different, innovative means of water protection, but the goals and principles of their action remained the same.
Types of roll waterproofing
Among modern waterproofing materials, a huge place belongs to the waterproofing of rolled — in other words, representing long, rolled into the rolls of the canvases, in several layers, which are standing close to protected surfaces. Such materials differ in substances that make up their basis. The main ones we will list.
Bitumen — cheap, convenient to use and are still most common. True, the most popular top -1 of their list is a roofing material, it changed to waterproof (so fiberglass saturated with bitumen and plasticizers, which differs from its predecessor by much greater strength and elasticity). Being one — or bilateral, the waterproof is additionally covered with a protective film from a fusible polymer. When heated, it turns into a sticky mass, a reliably soldering roller strip with any surface.
Bitumen-polymer-include polymer additives that radically improve the mechanical, chemical and thermal stability of the material to any type of effects.
Polymer — completely made of artificial materials of the polymer series (reinforced polyethylene, volcanic rubber, membranes of thermoplastics, etc.), characterized by a very small thickness, but at the same time fantastic strength for gap and durability.
Types of coating waterproofing
This class of waterproofing includes pasty substances, characterized by extremely high adhesion and viscosity, as they form a continuous and solid moisture -proof medium.
Bitumen -based mastic. Are increasingly saturated with polymer fillers (latex, plasticizers, rubber crumbs), giving such compounds additional elasticity and resistance to mechanical and chemical types of influences.
Cement-polymeric-based mastic. Produced in the form of dry two -component compositions containing cement and mineral filler and diluted with polymer or water dispersion. Well tolerate deformation and vibration and are able to completely clog the pores of the protected material (usually concrete).
Portland cement -based mixtures. Now also saturated with synthetics (in the role of which can act, for example, powder artificial resin). When kneading in water, sensitive to accurate observance of proportions and dust penetration.
Polymer compositions. Less than all other coating types of waterproofing depend on the quality of preparation of the treated surfaces, very thin (about 1 mm on average when applied) and are so elastic that they serve as the best insulating component in the systems of “warm sex”.
Plastering waterproofing
A solution with fillers on a cement-sand-based or asphalt basis. The layer when hardening is enough fat (from 0.5 to 5 cm), is very sensitive to deforming influences and therefore can only be applied to stiff surfaces. It can be created on the basis of organics (polymers, asphalt, bitumen) or inorganics (pneumatic concrete, torque-concrete, cement).
Sprayed waterproofing
Quickly gaining popularity due to the convenience of application and high strength qualities (with a minimum thickness of the sprayed layer) type of waterproofing. It is a two -component solution based on acrylic, polyurethane, liquid rubber or polymochevina — reliable, but at the same time inexpensive.
Prophet waterproofing
The oldest type of waterproofing, leading history from the already mentioned animals, followed by tar, natural bitumen, olifa, and then the current highly effective impregnations:
oligomeric;
acrylic;
silicone;
epoxy.
The main advantage is a deep penetration into concrete and the formation of needle microcrystals that prevent moisture to penetrate.
Waterproofing in a backfill method
All types of waterproofing of this type — in fact, a set of bulk materials (most often perlite), poured into special waterproof cavities. It is used rather for good drainage and moisture removal — since the material is the least effective, but extremely cheap, simple and fast in installation.