The soil gets the name «heaving» when it freezes by 1 m and increases by 1 cm or more. The level of his tendency to heaving demonstrates the degree of guarantee. The minimum value of this indicator can be 0.01.
This indicator is defined as the difference in the height of frozen soil and the height of the soil before freezing, divided into height of the soil before freezing. It is very important for the construction of houses, because the embedded foundation on the heaving soil cannot be a sufficiently strong support for the house. This is due to the fact that freezing of water in the soil under the foundation can raise a whole building. If this water had frozen and never melted, then there would be nothing. However, the ice melts in spring and the house settles. In some places, the drawdown is greater, in some — less. As a result, cracks appear.
Therefore, before taking into account the house, it is necessary to determine how deeply the soil freezes and what is its confiity. The type of soil and heaving for the foundation is determined using special tables and the aforementioned indicator.
If it turns out that the soil is heaving, you need to carry out actions that eliminate this problem. Some of them provide for the replacement of soil with the sand. At the same time, large sand or gravel is used. This method is the most radical.
To carry out such a replacement, you need to dig a large foundation pit. He must have such a depth that always exceeds the freezing of the soil. After the pit is ready, its bottom is covered with a layer of sand. This layer is tamped. As a result, they eliminate the problem of soil butt and get an excellent basis for the foundation, because sand is not able to keep water in itself and is characterized by a high bearing ability.
The second method provides for the filling of such a foundation, the depth of which is more than the depth of freezing of the earth. In this case, the bottom of the foundation will remain at rest, but the side sides will have to withstand the soil tuning. The force of the impact of this phenomenon is not very large.
However, due to the fact that the soil will apply to the foundation, the latter will rise/fall with the ground. True, this will happen only when at 1 sq. m of the area of the house will account for less than 5 tons of its weight. In the case of a wooden house for 1 kV. M accounts for less than 5 tons. Therefore, heating the soil will present it. Brick and monolithic reinforced concrete houses have a large weight, therefore, soil tuning is not able to produce any influence on them.